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Patented Aug 25, 1925.

UNITED STATES EUGEN VADERS, 0F HEDDERNHEIM, NEAR PRAI IKFO RT-ON-THE-MAIN, GERMANY,

PATENT OFFICE.

ASSIGNOR TO HEDDERNHEIMER KUPFERWERK UND S UE DDEUTSCHE KABEL- WERKE, AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, OF FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN, GERMANY, A CO'R YORATION OF GERMANY.

No Drawing.

To all. whom it may concern. Be it known that I, EUGEN VADERS, citizen of the German Republic residing at Heddernhei'm, near Franlrfort-on-the-Main, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bearing Metal, of which the following isa specification.

This invention relates to the manufacture of bearings by the press method. The manufacture of articles from suitable brass alloys by pressing is well known. While formerly each piece had to be separately formed and cast, a single steel form is now sufficient to press a large number of articles and the cost of production is reduced in proportion. Pressed articles, in addition, are generally free of defects and need little machining, while castings, as a rule, have many imperfections as is well known.

The object of my invention is the manufacture of bearings by pressing. Hitherto bearings and bushes could not be manufactured by this method as .the known plastic alloys were not anti-frictional. To produce anti-friction metal, theory requires, that in the soft matrix of a metal must be embedded hard constituents, formed by a compound or by mixed crystals, which hold the pressure of the shaft and improve the distribution of the oil. In accordance with my invention I have found, that by addition of certain metals, plastic brass alloys may be obtained, having the above structure and in consequence all those qualities that are necessary for bearing-metals. I have found that silicon is absolutely essential as a c0nstituent of such hard compounds or mixed crystals to be added to ordinary press-brass to make it suitable as a bearing metal. The additionof silicon to brass is old, in itself, but as appears from the literature, silicon has a detrimental effect upon the properties of brass. According to the present invention, concurrently with silicon there are added other metal constituents which not only counteract or eliminate these detri mental effects of the silicon, but even pro duce a substantial "improvement in the mechanical qualities of the metal, aside" entirely from the surprising anti-frictional BEARING METAL.

npplication uled December 1, 1923. Serial No. 678,050.

character thereof. Of the metals to be added together with silicon, manganese and iron have been found to be' particularly suitable for the production of the hard compounds and mixed crystals within the'brass matrix. Addition of manganese or iron or both to brass is not new, in itself, but within the scope of my invention it is absolutely essential that, at least one of them must be present, together with silicon, and it is only by such concurrent use of one of the two metals and silicon that such hard compounds or mixed crystals can be produced in the brass, making the resulting alloy suit-able as a bearing material.

Aside from the production of hard compounds and' mixed crystals in the press brass as described, it is also highly desirable within the general object thereof to impart to 1. Tensile strength: 41-44, tons p. sq. inch. I

2. Elongation: 18.4% (2, diameter Up to a load of 32 tons p. sq. inch and a rapidity of sliding of 2.7 m/sec (8' 11-"/ see) the new alloy was even better than phosphor bronze, which could be judged from the lower temperature of bearings running under the same conditions. In comparison with phosphor bronze these temperatures were about 5 C. lower, in comparison with ordinary red-brass, however, the difference was about 2030 C.

A cast bearing of the above alloy had:

Tensible strength: 32-25 tons p. sq. inch.

Elongation:"4 -5% (2, diameter 1 g 7 A red brass bea'ring'of the best sort, however, has only:

Tensile strength: 16-19 tons p. sq. inch.

Elongation: 34% (2, diameter con and manganese in amount sufiicient 'to neutralize the detrimental effects of the silicon.

2. A brass alloy containing .6-1.5% of silicon and an amount of manganese up to about 4% in amount suflicient to neutralize the detrimental efi'ects of the silicon.

3. A brass alloy containing .61.5% of silicon and iron in amount sulficient to neutralize the detrimental effects of silicon.

4. A brass alloy containing .61.5% of silicon and an amount of iron up to about 4% in amount sufiicient to neutralize the detrimental eflects of the silicon.

5. A brass alloyoontaining .6-1.5% of silicon, an amount of manganese up to about 4% sufiicient to neutralize the detrimental eflects of the silicon, and an amount of aluminum up to about 2% sufiicient to harden and homo enize the structure of the alloy.

6. brassalloy containing .6-1.5% of silicon an amount of iron up to about 4% sufficient to neutralize the detrimental efiects of the silicon and an amount of aluminum up to about 2% suflicient to harden and homogenize the structure of the alloy.

7. A bearing metal containing approximately 94% of brass matrix, .61.5% of silicon, an amount of maganese up to about 4% suflicient to neutralize the detrimental effects of the silicon, and an amount of aluminum homogenize the structure of the alloy.

8. A bearing metal containing approximately 94% of brass matrix, .61.5% of silicon, an amount of iron up to about 4% suflicient to neutralize the detrimental effects of the silicon, and an amount of aluminum up to about 2% sufiicient. to harden and homogenize the structure of the alloy.

9. A bearing metal containing about 58% of copper, about 36% of zinc, 24% of manganese, about 2% of aluminum and .61.5% of silicon.

10. A bearing metal containing 58% of copper, about 36% of zinc,-24% of iron, about 2% of aluminum and .61.5% of silicon.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.

EUGEN VADERS.

up to about 2% suflicient to harden and. 

